This paper has been prepared by A. Hafied A. Gany, Ph.D., P.Eng., for Seminar on Climate Change Adaptation in Water Resources Development and Management., conducted by JICA and River Bureau of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Japan in Cooperation with Directorate General of Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works, Indonesia, Jakarta 28 January, 2009.
 
Mr. A. Hafied A. Gany, Ph.D., P.Eng, is the Vice President of International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID); and senior HRD advisor to the Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Indonesia on Water Resources and Irrigation Development and Management. gany@hafied.org. The paper discusses the nature of GC and it’s associated, human caused GC, CC’s implications, theoretical and empirical perspectives, as well as evidences of their adverse impacts and the way forward to “mitigate” or “adapt” the related impacts. Some alternative measures in terms of “mitigation” and “adaptation” strategies are outlined in this paper giving some perspective on immediate targets for actions. It is evident from the concluding remarks that the CC with its relationship to the adverse impacts in Indonesia are far more complicated than one’s ever had in mind before. So, we mutually have to do things right now, to deal with the GCs and the CC’s related circumstance for saving our environment in particular and other global consequences in general.

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